Scope and how to read the scores
The unit of scoring is the model provider × model version, that is, the service of a given model version provided by a given model provider. Each object forms one set of four dimension scores and an overall score under the specified evaluation batch and configuration.
Thinking mode, request parameters, account service tier, test region, and observation period are measurement conditions and are recorded with the results. Results under different conditions are labeled separately and are not merged directly. When the model version, region, or service tier cannot be verified, the corresponding unverified status is noted, not presumed confirmed.
Evaluations are executed through the AIHubMix API, and results describe the actual observed performance under that access method. The official reference service is also measured through the AIHubMix API and is not reported as a measurement made through an independent direct connection to the official API.
All members of a comparison group use the same task set, rounds, timeout, request budget, failure scoring, and statistical method. Required request fields, streaming structure, and usage fields specified by provider documentation are handled by the access adapter layer (adapter), keeping the measurement target consistent. This method is not intended to rank intelligence across models, and model provider identity does not confer a scoring advantage.
Score states
Missing values and scores of 0 are handled separately. When a service explicitly fails or does not provide a required capability, it is scored as a failure under the corresponding rule; when a measurement is missing, the denominator is unknown, or evidence is insufficient, the corresponding status is retained. If any dimension is unavailable, the overall score is also marked unavailable, and its weight is not redistributed to other dimensions.
Interpreting results
- Raw metrics are converted to absolute performance A by the scoring formula and, after composition with the relative reference and evidence, produce the dimension composite score D. The overall score uses D and does not directly weight raw correctness rates, functionality pass rates, or service success rates.
- Scores reflect performance under a specific task set, load, region, configuration, and observation window; applicable conditions are recorded with the results.
- Display precision does not indicate statistical discriminative power. Answer quality differences are interpreted together with paired statistical intervals; decimal differences alone cannot establish superiority.
- The overall score is a summary index; it is not a certification and has no confidence interval. Statistical conclusions rest on the evidence for each specific dimension.
- Service reliability reports the number of first-attempt successes, the number of planned opportunities, and a two-sided 95% interval, which cannot be interpreted directly as a long-term SLA.
Overall score and dimension composition
Overall score formula
The overall score is calculated by weighting the four dimension composite scores.D_Q, D_F, D_P, and D_R denote the composite scores for answer quality, functionality, response speed, and service reliability, respectively.
Overall score
Three-layer composition
Each dimension composite score D is computed by weighting absolute performance A, performance relative to the official reference B, and evidence completeness C.Dimension score
A, B, and C are computation-layer symbols and do not denote access grades. Absolute performance uses the specified formula; the fastest or highest-scoring service in the batch is not set to 100, and no renormalization is performed by batch.
The prefix before the underscore denotes the computation layer, and the suffix denotes the scoring dimension. For example,
A_F is the functionality score at the absolute performance layer, and D_F is the functionality score after three-layer composition.
The primary score and diagnostic values also use the following configuration suffixes:
native means configured according to provider documentation, strict means strict interface checking, and default means the default configuration defined in this page. K is the cache symbol in this method and does not denote Quality. The primary score consistently uses F_native and K_native, and diagnostic values are not mixed with the primary score.
Relative to the official reference B
A_official denotes the absolute performance score of the official reference service for the current dimension; its relative reference score B_official is fixed at 50.
Relative reference layer
clip(x, −1, 1) is a clipping function that constrains x to the range −1 to 1. The difference scale parameter δ is defined by dimension:
Answer quality uses a 5,000-iteration paired-task cluster bootstrap to estimate the difference interval relative to the official reference. When the two-sided 95% interval includes 0,
B_Q = 50; when the interval excludes 0, the mapping above applies.
The official reference service independently undergoes absolute performance measurement; its own B is fixed at 50, with no full score assumed. When configurations, timeouts, periods, or result views are not comparable, no presumed value is entered in the relative layer.
Evidence completeness C
C consists of the following five items, each worth up to 20 points, for a total of 100. Each item is assigned 20, 10, or 0 points according to the degree of coverage and evidence in the records:
C measures measurement evidence and does not directly measure model capability. Each assignment is linked to evidence records, and result status is retained independently; the evidence-layer score does not replace required data validity verification.
Answer quality
Answer quality Q measures the proportion of all valid task instances that are correct, based on reference answers and the specified grading protocol.Task sets and grading
Absolute performance for answer quality
This task set is a derived task set of AF Suite. It is not an exact subset of the official Artificial Analysis set and does not reproduce its leaderboard results. The 50 BFCL multi-round tasks are constructed from real questions and are defined separately from the BFCL official stateful multi-round execution environment. Sources and versions are listed in Dataset sources.
Comparison conditions and missing-data handling
- Task correctness is determined against reference answers; official reference responses are not used as ground truth.
- All parties use the same controllable budget, sampling count, and semantically equivalent parameters. When thinking mode, tool templates, or
effortcannot be aligned, the result is marked “Configuration not comparable.” - Service failures, timeouts, refusals, and budget exhaustion are counted as task failures in the denominator.
- Records with invalid judging or without a valid determination are labeled separately, excluded from the computable denominator, and retain the reference result status.
- Question filtering rules are specified in test registration, and reports list planned counts, filtered counts, and actual scored counts.
- Repeated rounds belong to the same question cluster and are not treated as additional independent questions.
Functionality
Functionality F measures whether interface capabilities are available under the specified configuration and does not double-count task answer correctness.Functional groups and weights
f[组] (Functional Group Pass Score) denotes the pass rate of valid applicable instances for a single functional group. In the formula, f流式, f工具, f约束, f上下文, f错误, and f计量 correspond to the six groups in the table.
Absolute performance for functionality
Determination states
The native capability score is computed from valid applicable records. When INVALID or UNOBSERVED records exist, coverage and denominator limitations are disclosed together; when required checks lack evidence, the strict compatibility score is unavailable. A capability that the model natively supports but the service does not provide is recorded as FAIL and cannot be classified as NA.
Native capability and interface compatibility
When a field exists and its placement or naming conforms to provider documentation, the native capability check parses it according to its actual structure. When a field is entirely missing, has an incorrect value, or is contradictory, the determination follows the actual check result. The adapter layer retains the original fields and mapping basis and does not presume an unknown value to be a passing capability.
F_native and F_strict are reported separately and cannot be used interchangeably in the primary score of the same comparison table. The effective cache hit ratio is included in Response speed, and billing accuracy is verified separately.
Response speed
Response speed P consists of response performance for answer content and effective cache hits. The primary score usesK_native.
Load and sampling
Load profile I (Non-thinking Profile) and load profile T (Thinking Profile) are measured and reported separately. I and T are load profile identifiers; profile I requires the model to natively support non-thinking mode, and profile T recordseffort, thinking budget, and output budget.
C1 (Concurrency 1, single concurrency) and C10 (Concurrency 10, 10-way concurrency) denote the number of requests executed concurrently. Here C denotes Concurrency and is used separately from the evidence completeness layer C.
Concurrency testing uses a closed-loop replenishment mechanism: one request is issued whenever a request completes. C10 represents the observed result under this load and does not constitute a complete capacity curve.
Timing and valid output
When answer content is returned in a single block, TPOT is recorded as invalid and is not used to construct a per-token rate. The scoring statistic uses P50 (50th Percentile, the median) including failure handling; empirical P95 (95th Percentile) and between-window variation are reported separately, and 90 samples per level do not support conclusions about P99 (99th Percentile). Here P denotes Percentile and is used separately from the response speed dimension P.
Scoring formulas
The function names and subscore symbols in this section are computational notation for this method, with the following meanings:A_P is the absolute response speed score, including response performance and the cache subscore; D_P is the response speed dimension score after composition with the relative reference and evidence, which participates in the overall score.
Below, clip constrains a value to the range 0 to 1, ln is the natural logarithm, min takes the smaller value, and Σ denotes summation. The parameters τ, b, c, and k in the formulas are defined in the parameter table immediately following:
Absolute performance for response speed
These targets apply to the load specified in this standard and do not represent universal thresholds for all models and all workloads.
Invalid output and measurement isolation
Outputs with incorrect length, a wrong verification point, degenerate looping, in-stream errors, abnormal termination, or truncation are judged invalid and still count toward load and elapsed time. Before computing P50, the following handling applies:- TTFA is counted as positive infinity, with a corresponding latency score of 0.
- TPOT is counted as
10b, that is, 50 ms/token. - The valid-output contribution to goodput is 0, and the time remains in the corresponding C10 window.
- The raw measured time is retained separately and is not overwritten by the scoring-processed value.
Cache hits
The cache subscore K (Cache Hit Score) measures the proportion of tokens in a prefix expected to be reusable that are actually reported as cache reads. For each length, the read count and expected reusable count of hot requests are aggregated first, and the two lengths, 8k and 32k, are then combined with equal weights.
Here
native_tokens denotes tokens measured with the designated native tokenizer and is interpreted separately from native in K_native, which denotes configuration according to provider documentation.
Cache hit subscore
Test sequence and denominator
Each group uses a fixed long prefix and changing new questions, for 5 requests in total:- The first request writes the cache, and a unique random identifier is added at the prefix start to isolate different test groups.
- Requests 2 through 4 keep the prefix byte-identical and use different short questions at the end, issued 5 seconds, 30 seconds, and 120 seconds after the previous request completes, respectively.
- The 5th request replaces the prefix with a completely independent new prefix as a cold control.
o200k_base count. Read counts reported in blocks retain their original values and block size.
The primary score uses K_native: the configuration required to enable caching according to provider documentation, with necessary session affinity fields treated as part of access adaptation. K_default records the result obtained uniformly without session affinity configuration, serving as a default-configuration diagnostic. All providers follow the same configuration determination principle, and reports retain the specific configuration.
Anomalies and unobservable cases
usage can only confirm the cache read count reported by the interface. Actual cost may be marked verified only after reconciliation; a cache hit does not mean the request is free and does not guarantee lower total cost.
Service reliability
Service reliability R measures the proportion of a fixed request set that completes validly on first execution; scoring does not use automatic retries or fallback across model providers:Absolute performance for service reliability
Test set and success conditions
The test consists of 300 opportunities distributed across 3 windows, with 100 in each window. Each set of 100 uses the same task mix: 40 short-text, 30 long-input of about 10k, 20 tool-protocol calls, and 10 single calls with multi-round history. Tool tasks use a pre-built valid history to keep the scoring denominator stable. The default is single concurrency, and the request rate stays within verified RPM and TPM quotas. This suite is executed independently and does not mix in answer quality questions, functionality negative test cases, diagnostic retries, warm-up, or stress-load requests. A first-attempt success satisfies all of the following:- HTTP status is as expected, and the response structure and event sequence are valid.
- The answer content or tool payload is non-empty and ends normally.
- There are no in-stream errors, unexpected truncation, or missing required fields.
- The specified
usagefields are complete and parse according to the corresponding interface structure. - The request completes within the 300-second deadline.
Failures, invalid records, and intervals
429 responses within quota, server errors, connection failures, timeouts, empty responses, stream interruptions, and abnormal truncation are counted as failures. When a model provider failure prevents a planned request from being sent, it is counted as a failure and the reason is recorded. Test environment or tester anomalies are marked INVALID and are not attributed to the service under test, while the number of valid opportunities and coverage limitations are retained. Diagnostic requests are recorded independently and do not replace first-attempt results. The success rate is reported with a two-sided 95% Clopper–Pearson interval. An observed success rate of 300/300 is 100%, and the lower bound of the interval is approximately 98.78%, which still does not prove a long-term service success rate of 100%. Failure distribution by window and task category, and the longest consecutive failure streak, are recorded.Test scale and comparability
Sample size
The following are the planned scales of AF Full within AF Suite:
Task instances, API requests, and judge requests are counted separately; multi-stage tool tasks and in-case repetitions may correspond to additional requests.
Execution conditions
- Within a comparison group, the task set, rounds, timeout, temperature, output budget, failure handling, and scoring formula are the same.
- The same client, network region, and connection strategy are used, and account service tier, actual start and end times, and execution order are recorded.
- A full test uses 3 windows at least 60 minutes apart; answer quality and response speed are executed separately.
- Model ID, authentication, required fields, streaming format, usage mapping, cache semantics, and tokenizer basis form an adaptation record.
- Access adaptation is registered and verified before sampling, and the same rules apply to all eligible model providers.
- The primary scoring view consistently uses
F_nativeandK_native; compatibility and default-configuration diagnostics are reported separately. - First-execution results are retained, and planned counts, actual counts, filtering, failures, invalid records, and unobserved records are reconciled separately.
Dataset sources and result records
Dataset sources
Answer quality uses a versioned derived task set, retaining source, sampling records, and integrity verification information. The AF Full answer quality task set contains 775 distinct questions, with the following source snapshots:
BFCL is sampled by category quota; HLE and AA-LCR are sampled by stratified proportion with minimum coverage guaranteed for each stratum. Sampling uses a designated seed and SHA-256 ordering, and the task set version, filter list, and grading protocol are recorded with the results.
The links above serve to verify original sources and are not equivalent to a complete evaluation package that can directly reproduce AF scores. Restricted data is not redistributed in this page, and specific licenses follow the respective sources.
Result records and verification
Provider reports are collectively referred to as AF Profile and record the following evaluation information:
Service success, task correctness, and output validity are labeled separately. Negative test cases are not mixed into the service reliability score, cache reads and writes are metered separately, and the verification status of estimated and actual costs is recorded separately. Keys, user identifiers, and sensitive content are removed before external presentation; values carry units, and missing values retain their status.
Reference data and calculation examples
The following uses the results of five providers’ services for DeepSeek V4.1 Flash 1017 to illustrate the calculation method. The primary score usesF_native and K_native. Values are displayed to two decimal places, and calculations use the intermediate values saved in the result files.
This section presents reference results (PROVISIONAL). Prior registration evidence for collection and adaptation is incomplete, so these cannot serve as official AF Full results for AIHubMix Fidelitas Standard. Answer quality counts 4,240 instances per provider, with 10 additional filtered instances. The HLE/AA-LCR judges belong to the same DeepSeek family as the models under test, and independent calibration evidence is insufficient. Results are limited to the recorded configuration and observation scope.
Absolute performance and cache subscores
In the table below, Q, F, P, and R are all absolute performance A and are not the four dimension display scores in the overall score. K is the cache subscore within P.- All five providers’ service reliability suites are 300/300; service failures in other suites still count toward their own dimensions and cannot be replaced by the R suite result.
- Fireworks’
K_nativeuses the session affinity configuration specified in its documentation, and the other services are measured with the configuration required by their respective documentation. - Baidu’s K uses the sample rule that parses an omitted field as 0 on zero hits, and the related prior registration evidence is incomplete; the 8k cold control has an incomplete record, so K retains the reference status.
- DeepSeek’s
F_strictis unavailable because of 27 INVALID records;F_nativeis computed from valid applicable records.
Functionality dimension composition
Taking Alibaba Cloud as an example, the absolute functionality score isA_F = 89.777778, the official reference’s absolute score for the same item is 94, the difference scale is δ_F = 15, and evidence completeness is C_F = 100. The relative reference score B_F is calculated first, and the dimension score D_F is then composed:
Relative reference and functionality dimension score
Service reliability score of the official reference
The official reference’s R suite is 300/300, its absolute service reliability score isA_R = 100, its relative reference score is B_R = 50, and its evidence completeness is C_R = 100:
Service reliability dimension composition
Dimension display scores and overall score
The table below uses D values and corresponds to the overall score formula. The table follows the provider display order and is not sorted by score.
Taking the official reference as an example:
Overall score calculation
Independent diagnostic metrics
F_strict expresses interface compatibility, and K_default expresses the cache result obtained uniformly without session affinity configuration. Neither column replaces a primary score input.
In the difference intervals for answer quality relative to the official reference, the 95% intervals for ByteDance, Alibaba Cloud, and Fireworks all include 0, so B_Q = 50 for them. Baidu’s difference is about −4.46 percentage points, with a 95% interval of approximately −5.78 to −3.16 percentage points. This conclusion is limited to this task set and observation conditions and is not extended to a statistical significance conclusion about the overall score.